「短文」如何在 JavaScript 中随机数组
November 03, 2022
1 min
作者:xpsilvester
https://juejin.cn/post/6963167124881670152
还在害怕手写题吗,本文可以帮你扩展并巩固自己的JS基础,顺便搞定90%的手写题。在工作中还可以对常用的需求进行手写实现,比如深拷贝、防抖节流等可以直接用于往后的项目中,提高项目开发效率。不说废话了,下面就直接上代码吧。
Function.prototype.myCall = function(context,...args){ let cxt = context || window; //将当前被调用的方法定义在cxt.func上.(为了能以对象调用形式绑定this) //新建一个唯一的Symbol变量避免重复 let func = Symbol() cxt[func] = this; args = args ? args : [] //以对象调用形式调用func,此时this指向cxt 也就是传入的需要绑定的this指向 const res = args.length > 0 ? cxt[func](...args) : cxt[func](); //删除该方法,不然会对传入对象造成污染(添加该方法) delete cxt[func]; return res; }
Function.prototype.myApply = function(context,args = []){ let cxt = context || window; //将当前被调用的方法定义在cxt.func上.(为了能以对象调用形式绑定this) //新建一个唯一的Symbol变量避免重复 let func = Symbol() cxt[func] = this; //以对象调用形式调用func,此时this指向cxt 也就是传入的需要绑定的this指向 const res = args.length > 0 ? cxt[func](...args) : cxt[func](); delete cxt[func]; return res; }
需要考虑:
实现方法:
Function.prototype.myBind = function (context, ...args) { //新建一个变量赋值为this,表示当前函数 const fn = this //判断有没有传参进来,若为空则赋值[] args = args ? args : [] //返回一个newFn函数,在里面调用fn return function newFn(...newFnArgs) { if (this instanceof newFn) { return new fn(...args, ...newFnArgs) } return fn.apply(context, [...args,...newFnArgs]) } }
let name = '小王',age =17; let obj = { name:'小张', age: this.age, myFun: function(from,to){ console.log(this.name + ' 年龄 ' + this.age+'来自 '+from+'去往'+ to) } } let db = { name: '德玛', age: 99 } //结果 obj.myFun.myCall(db,'成都','上海'); // 德玛 年龄 99 来自 成都去往上海 obj.myFun.myApply(db,['成都','上海']); // 德玛 年龄 99 来自 成都去往上海 obj.myFun.myBind(db,'成都','上海')(); // 德玛 年龄 99 来自 成都去往上海 obj.myFun.myBind(db,['成 都','上海'])(); // 德玛 年龄 99 来自 成都, 上海去往 undefined
function Person(obj) { this.name = obj.name this.age = obj.age } Person.prototype.add = function(value){ console.log(value) } var p1 = new Person({name:"番茄", age: 18}) function Person1(obj) { Person.call(this, obj) this.sex = obj.sex } // 这一步是继承的关键 Person1.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype); Person1.prototype.constructor = Person1; Person1.prototype.play = function(value){ console.log(value) } var p2 = new Person1({name:"鸡蛋", age: 118, sex: "男"})
//class 相当于es5中构造函数 //class中定义方法时,前后不能加function,全部定义在class的protopyte属性中 //class中定义的所有方法是不可枚举的 //class中只能定义方法,不能定义对象,变量等 //class和方法内默认都是严格模式 //es5中constructor为隐式属性 class People{ constructor(name='wang',age='27'){ this.name = name; this.age = age; } eat(){ console.log(`${this.name} ${this.age} eat food`) } } //继承父类 class Woman extends People{ constructor(name = 'ren',age = '27'){ //继承父类属性 super(name, age); } eat(){ //继承父类方法 super.eat() } } let wonmanObj=new Woman('xiaoxiami'); wonmanObj.eat(); //es5继承先创建子类的实例对象,然后再将父类的方法添加到this上(Parent.apply(this))。 //es6继承是使用关键字super先创建父类的实例对象this,最后在子类class中修改this。
function Ctor(){ .... } function myNew(ctor,...args){ if(typeof ctor !== 'function'){ throw 'myNew function the first param must be a function'; } var newObj = Object.create(ctor.prototype); //创建一个继承自ctor.prototype的新对象 var ctorReturnResult = ctor.apply(newObj, args); //将构造函数ctor的this绑定到newObj中 var isObject = typeof ctorReturnResult === 'object' && ctorReturnResult !== null; var isFunction = typeof ctorReturnResult === 'function'; if(isObject || isFunction){ return ctorReturnResult; } return newObj; } let c = myNew(Ctor);
function myInstanceOf(a,b){ let left = a.__proto__; let right = b.prototype; while(true){ if(left == null){ return false } if(left == right){ return true } left = left.__proto__ } } //instanceof 运算符用于判断构造函数的 prototype 属性是否出现在对象的原型链中的任何位置。 function myInstanceof(left, right) { let proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(left), // 获取对象的原型 prototype = right.prototype; // 获取构造函数的 prototype 对象 // 判断构造函数的 prototype 对象是否在对象的原型链上 while (true) { if (!proto) return false; if (proto === prototype) return true; proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(proto); } }
//简略版 function myCreate(obj){ // 新声明一个函数 function C(){}; // 将函数的原型指向obj C.prototype = obj; // 返回这个函数的实力化对象 return new C() } //官方版Polyfill if (typeof Object.create !== "function") { Object.create = function (proto, propertiesObject) { if (typeof proto !== 'object' && typeof proto !== 'function') { throw new TypeError('Object prototype may only be an Object: ' + proto); } else if (proto === null) { throw new Error("This browser's implementation of Object.create is a shim and doesn't support 'null' as the first argument."); } if (typeof propertiesObject !== 'undefined') throw new Error("This browser's implementation of Object.create is a shim and doesn't support a second argument."); function F() {} F.prototype = proto; return new F(); }; }
Object.assign2 = function(target, ...source) { if (target == null) { throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object') } let ret = Object(target) source.forEach(function(obj) { if (obj != null) { for (let key in obj) { if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) { ret[key] = obj[key] } } } }) return ret }
实现 Promise 需要完全读懂 Promise A+ 规范,不过从总体的实现上看,有如下几个点需要考虑到:
class Promise { callbacks = []; state = 'pending';//增加状态 value = null;//保存结果 constructor(fn) { fn(this._resolve.bind(this), this._reject.bind(this)); } then(onFulfilled, onRejected) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { this._handle({ onFulfilled: onFulfilled || null, onRejected: onRejected || null, resolve: resolve, reject: reject }); }); } _handle(callback) { if (this.state === 'pending') { this.callbacks.push(callback); return; } let cb = this.state === 'fulfilled' ? callback.onFulfilled : callback.onRejected; if (!cb) {//如果then中没有传递任何东西 cb = this.state === 'fulfilled' ? callback.resolve : callback.reject; cb(this.value); return; } let ret = cb(this.value); cb = this.state === 'fulfilled' ? callback.resolve : callback.reject; cb(ret); } _resolve(value) { if (value && (typeof value === 'object' || typeof value === 'function')) { var then = value.then; if (typeof then === 'function') { then.call(value, this._resolve.bind(this), this._reject.bind(this)); return; } } this.state = 'fulfilled';//改变状态 this.value = value;//保存结果 this.callbacks.forEach(callback => this._handle(callback)); } _reject(error) { this.state = 'rejected'; this.value = error; this.callbacks.forEach(callback => this._handle(callback)); } }
Promise.resolve(value) { if (value && value instanceof Promise) { return value; } else if (value && typeof value === 'object' && typeof value.then === 'function') { let then = value.then; return new Promise(resolve => { then(resolve); }); } else if (value) { return new Promise(resolve => resolve(value)); } else { return new Promise(resolve => resolve()); } }
Promise.reject = function(reason) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => reject(reason)) }
Promise.all = function(promiseArr) { let index = 0, result = [] return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { promiseArr.forEach((p, i) => { Promise.resolve(p).then(val => { index++ result[i] = val if (index === promiseArr.length) { resolve(result) } }, err => { reject(err) }) }) }) }
Promise.race = function(promiseArr) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { promiseArr.forEach(p => { Promise.resolve(p).then(val => { resolve(val) }, err => { rejecte(err) }) }) }) }
function ajax(url,method,body,headers){ return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{ let req = new XMLHttpRequest(); req.open(methods,url); for(let key in headers){ req.setRequestHeader(key,headers[key]) } req.onreadystatechange(()=>{ if(req.readystate == 4){ if(req.status >= '200' && req.status <= 300){ resolve(req.responeText) }else{ reject(req) } } }) req.send(body) }) }
let debounce = (fn,time = 1000) => { let timeLock = null return function (...args){ clearTimeout(timeLock) timeLock = setTimeout(()=>{ fn(...args) },time) } }
let throttle = (fn,time = 1000) => { let flag = true; return function (...args){ if(flag){ flag = false; setTimeout(()=>{ flag = true; fn(...args) },time) } } }
function deepClone(obj,hash = new WeakMap()){ if(obj instanceof RegExp) return new RegExp(obj); if(obj instanceof Date) return new Date(obj); if(obj === null || typeof obj !== 'object') return obj; //循环引用的情况 if(hash.has(obj)){ return hash.get(obj) } //new 一个相应的对象 //obj为Array,相当于new Array() //obj为Object,相当于new Object() let constr = new obj.constructor(); hash.set(obj,constr); for(let key in obj){ if(obj.hasOwnProperty(key)){ constr[key] = deepClone(obj[key],hash) } } //考虑symbol的情况 let symbolObj = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(obj) for(let i=0;i<symbolObj.length;i++){ if(obj.hasOwnProperty(symbolObj[i])){ constr[symbolObj[i]] = deepClone(obj[symbolObj[i]],hash) } } return constr }
let arr = [1,2,[3,4,[5,[6]]]] console.log(arr.flat(Infinity))//flat参数为指定要提取嵌套数组的结构深度,默认值为 1
//用reduce实现 function fn(arr){ return arr.reduce((prev,cur)=>{ return prev.concat(Array.isArray(cur)?fn(cur):cur) },[]) }
function sumFn(a,b,c){return a+ b + c}; let sum = curry(sumFn); sum(2)(3)(5)//10 sum(2,3)(5)//10
function curry(fn,...args){ let fnLen = fn.length, argsLen = args.length; //对比函数的参数和当前传入参数 //若参数不够就继续递归返回curry //若参数够就调用函数返回相应的值 if(fnLen > argsLen){ return function(...arg2s){ return curry(fn,...args,...arg2s) } }else{ return fn(...args) } }
for (var i=1; i<=5; i++) { (function (i) { setTimeout(() => console.log(i), 1000*i) })(i) }
const jsonp = function (url, data) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { // 初始化url let dataString = url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : '' let callbackName = `jsonpCB_${Date.now()}` url += `${dataString}callback=${callbackName}` if (data) { // 有请求参数,依次添加到url for (let k in data) { url += `${k}=${data[k]}` } } let jsNode = document.createElement('script') jsNode.src = url // 触发callback,触发后删除js标签和绑定在window上的callback window[callbackName] = result => { delete window[callbackName] document.body.removeChild(jsNode) if (result) { resolve(result) } else { reject('没有返回数据') } } // js加载异常的情况 jsNode.addEventListener('error', () => { delete window[callbackName] document.body.removeChild(jsNode) reject('JavaScript资源加载失败') }, false) // 添加js节点到document上时,开始请求 document.body.appendChild(jsNode) }) } jsonp('http://192.168.0.103:8081/jsonp', { a: 1, b: 'heiheihei' }) .then(result => { console.log(result) }) .catch(err => { console.error(err) })
class Subject{ constructor(name){ this.name = name this.observers = [] this.state = 'XXXX' } // 被观察者要提供一个接受观察者的方法 attach(observer){ this.observers.push(observer) } // 改变被观察着的状态 setState(newState){ this.state = newState this.observers.forEach(o=>{ o.update(newState) }) } } class Observer{ constructor(name){ this.name = name } update(newState){ console.log(`${this.name}say:${newState}`) } } // 被观察者 灯 let sub = new Subject('灯') let mm = new Observer('小明') let jj = new Observer('小健') // 订阅 观察者 sub.attach(mm) sub.attach(jj) sub.setState('灯亮了来电了')
class EventEmitter { constructor() { this.events = {}; } on(event, callback) { let callbacks = this.events[event] || []; callbacks.push(callback); this.events[event] = callbacks; return this; } off(event, callback) { let callbacks = this.events[event]; this.events[event] = callbacks && callbacks.filter(fn => fn !== callback); return this; } emit(event, ...args) { let callbacks = this.events[event]; callbacks.forEach(fn => { fn(...args); }); return this; } once(event, callback) { let wrapFun = function (...args) { callback(...args); this.off(event, wrapFun); }; this.on(event, wrapFun); return this; } }
function getRandom(min, max) { return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min }
let arr = [2,3,454,34,324,32] arr.sort(randomSort) function randomSort(a, b) { return Math.random() > 0.5 ? -1 : 1; }
const EventUtils = { // 视能力分别使用dom0||dom2||IE方式 来绑定事件 // 添加事件 addEvent: function(element, type, handler) { if (element.addEventListener) { element.addEventListener(type, handler, false); } else if (element.attachEvent) { element.attachEvent("on" + type, handler); } else { element["on" + type] = handler; } }, // 移除事件 removeEvent: function(element, type, handler) { if (element.removeEventListener) { element.removeEventListener(type, handler, false); } else if (element.detachEvent) { element.detachEvent("on" + type, handler); } else { element["on" + type] = null; } }, // 获取事件目标 getTarget: function(event) { return event.target || event.srcElement; }, // 获取 event 对象的引用,取到事件的所有信息,确保随时能使用 event getEvent: function(event) { return event || window.event; }, // 阻止事件(主要是事件冒泡,因为 IE 不支持事件捕获) stopPropagation: function(event) { if (event.stopPropagation) { event.stopPropagation(); } else { event.cancelBubble = true; } }, // 取消事件的默认行为 preventDefault: function(event) { if (event.preventDefault) { event.preventDefault(); } else { event.returnValue = false; } } };
var arr = [1, 2, 3, [4, 5], [6, [7, [8]]]] /** * 使用递归的方式处理 * wrap 内保 存结果 ret * 返回一个递归函数 **/ function wrap() { var ret = []; return function flat(a) { for (var item of a) { if (item.constructor === Array) { ret.concat(flat(item)) } else { ret.push(item) } } return ret } } console.log(wrap()(arr));
function sleep(delay) { var start = (new Date()).getTime(); while ((new Date()).getTime() - start < delay) { continue; } } function test() { console.log('111'); sleep(2000); console.log('222'); } test()
//无小数点 let num1 = '1321434322222' num1.replace(/(\d)(?=(\d{3})+$)/g,'$1,') //有小数点 let num2 = '342243242322.3432423' num2.replace(/(\d)(?=(\d{3})+\.)/g,'$1,')
输入: [{a:1,b:2,c:3},{b:2,c:3,a:1},{d:2,c:2}] 输出: [{a:1,b:2,c:3},{d:2,c:2}]
function objSort(obj){ let newObj = {} //遍历对象,并将key进行排序 Object.keys(obj).sort().map(key => { newObj[key] = obj[key] }) //将排序好的数组转成字符串 return JSON.stringify(newObj) } function unique(arr){ let set = new Set(); for(let i=0;i<arr.length;i++){ let str = objSort(arr[i]) set.add(str) } //将数组中的字符串转回对象 arr = [...set].map(item => { return JSON.parse(item) }) return arr }
let url = 'http://www.domain.com/?user=anonymous&id=123&id=456&city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&enabled'; parseParam(url) /* 结果 { user: 'anonymous', id: [ 123, 456 ], // 重复出现的 key 要组装成数组,能被转成数字的就转成数字类型 city: '北京', // 中文需解码 enabled: true, // 未指定值得 key 约定为 true } */
function parseParam(url) { const paramsStr = /.+\?(.+)$/.exec(url)[1]; // 将 ? 后面的字符串取出来 const paramsArr = paramsStr.split('&'); // 将字符串以 & 分割后存到数组中 let paramsObj = {}; // 将 params 存到对象中 paramsArr.forEach(param => { if (/=/.test(param)) { // 处理有 value 的参数 let [key, val] = param.split('='); // 分割 key 和 value val = decodeURIComponent(val); // 解码 val = /^\d+$/.test(val) ? parseFloat(val) : val; // 判断是否转为数字 if (paramsObj.hasOwnProperty(key)) { // 如果对象有 key,则添加一个值 paramsObj[key] = [].concat(paramsObj[key], val); } else { // 如果对象没有这个 key,创建 key 并设置值 paramsObj[key] = val; } } else { // 处理没有 value 的参数 paramsObj[param] = true; } }) return paramsObj; }
let template = '我是{{name}},年龄{{age}},性别{{sex}}'; let data = { name: '姓名', age: 18 } render(template, data); // 我是姓名,年龄18,性别undefined
function render(template, data) { const reg = /\{\{(\w+)\}\}/; // 模板字符串正则 if (reg.test(template)) { // 判断模板里是否有模板字符串 const name = reg.exec(template)[1]; // 查找当前模板里第一个模板字符串的字段 template = template.replace(reg, data[name]); // 将第一个模板字符串渲染 return render(template, data); // 递归的渲染并返回渲染后的结构 } return template; // 如果模板没有模板字符串直接返回 }
var s1 = "get-element-by-id" // 转化为 getElementById
var f = function(s) { return s.replace(/-\w/g, function(x) { return x.slice(1).toUpperCase(); }) }
let str = "abcabcabcbbccccc"; let num = 0; let char = ''; // 使其按照一定的次序排列 str = str.split('').sort().join(''); // "aaabbbbbcccccccc" // 定义正则表达式 let re = /(\w)\1+/g; str.replace(re,($0,$1) => { if(num < $0.length){ num = $0.length; char = $1; } }); console.log(`字符最多的是${char},出现了${num}次`);
let imgList = [...document.querySelectorAll('img')] let length = imgList.length const imgLazyLoad = function() { let count = 0 return (function() { let deleteIndexList = [] imgList.forEach((img, index) => { let rect = img.getBoundingClientRect() if (rect.top < window.innerHeight) { img.src = img.dataset.src deleteIndexList.push(index) count++ if (count === length) { document.removeEventListener('scroll', imgLazyLoad) } } }) imgList = imgList.filter((img, index) => !deleteIndexList.includes(index)) })() } // 这里最好加上防抖处理 document.addEventListener('scroll', imgLazyLoad)
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