可辨识联合类型 discriminated union

typescript📋 复制
// nothing stops you from having both data and error at once
type ApiResponse = {
  data?: User
  error?: string
  loading?: boolean
}

// consumer has no idea what to check
function handleResponse(res: ApiResponse) {
  if (res.data) { /* maybe fine */ }
  // what if data AND error are both set?
}

type ApiResponse =
  | { status: 'loading' }
  | { status: 'success'; data: User }
  | { status: 'error'; message: string }

function handleResponse(res: ApiResponse) {
  switch (res.status) {
    case 'loading':
      return showSpinner()
    case 'success':
      // TypeScript KNOWS res.data exists here
      return renderUser(res.data)
    case 'error':
      // TypeScript KNOWS res.message exists here
      return showError(res.message)
  }
}